Clopidogrel: a case for indication-specific pharmacogenetics.

Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guidelines for CYP2C19 genotype and clopidogrel therapy: 2013 update.

Cytochrome P450 (CYP)2C19 catalyzes the bioactivation of the antiplatelet prodrug clopidogrel, and CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles impair formation of active metabolites, resulting in reduced platelet inhibition. In addition, CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles confer increased risks for serious adverse cardiovascular (CV) events among clopidogrel-treated patients with acute coronary syndromes (A...

Pharmacogenetics in Practice Pharmacogenetics in Cardiology: Forays into Modern Practice

When one discusses pharmacogenetics in cardiology practice, it is almost obligatory to discuss clopidogrel. Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet used for acute coronary syndrome (ACS), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stenting, and as secondary stroke prevention in patients with aspirin allergy, among other indications. Clopidogrel is a prodrug that must be metabolized through the cytoch...

Cost is not a barrier to implementing clopidogrel pharmacogenetics.

Unraveling the pharmacogenetics of clopidogrel: the paraoxonase-1 controversy.

Implications of Inter-Individual Differences in Clopidogrel Metabolism, with Focus on Pharmacogenetics

Increasing evidence for the role of pharmacogenetics in treatment resistance to the antiplatelet agent clopidogrel has been gained during the last years. Apart from CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms, nongenetic factors, particularly drug-drug interactions, age and other clinical characteristics influence the interindividual variability in clopidogrel response to varying degrees. The present article...